What is NZ Graph? | Maximizing Binding Energy Video
For a Nucleus of mass number A, what is be the correct ratio of neutrons and protons? Can ''any'' combination of neutrons and protons create a stable nucleus?
The answer to that Question leads to the NZ Graph, or the NZ Curve. It is found that for all the stable nuclei found in nature, its neutron to proton ratio fall on a curve, also known as the Stability Curve, surrounded by regions of unstability. There are two distinct observations associated with such a curve:
1) For small mass number, the NZ Curve (or the Stability Curve) coincides with the N=Z line, i.e. number of neutrons is equal to the number of protons.
2) For increasing mass number, the NZ Curve slightly deviates from the N=Z line, as the number of neutrons starts progressively increasing compared to the number of protons.
Two conclusions can be drawn from these observations :
A) Neutrons and Protons arrange themselves in energy levels. Because of this reason, an equal number of neutrons and protons lead to the minimum energy configuration of the nucleus. When there is an excess number of either neutrons or protons, then the overall energy of the nuclear configuration increases leading to an instability on the nucleus. Such nuclear configurations will tend to undergo beta decay reactions and 'equalize' their number of neutrons and protons.
B) With increasing mass number the number of neutrons slightly increases to increase the overall nuclear force that holds the nucleus together and compensate for the ever increasing coulombic repulsion. This is because nuclear forces are short range forces, while coulombic repulsion is a long range force. For large nuclei, short range nuclear forces are not sufficient enough, and you need ever increasing number of neutrons to maintain a stable nucleus.
As you can see, the NZ Graph tells us the optimum ratio of neutrons and protons for any given nucleus of fixed mass number.
There is also a way of obtaining a theoretical approximation for the NZ Curve. This is by Maximizing the Binding Energy Expression, which I discuss in the video.
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NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS - Series :
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1) What is Nuclear Physics? ► https://youtu.be/6joildn5lqY
2) Nuclear Size / Radius ► https://youtu.be/1keKrGoqUAg
3) Quantization of Angular Momentum ► https://youtu.be/QHYJ4VpqAvs
4) Nuclear Spin and Angular Momentum ► https://youtu.be/LPYPhyioDfs
5) Nuclear Magnetic Moment ► https://youtu.be/3QniicZuVnc
6) Binding Energy of Nucleus & BE Curve ► https://youtu.be/BYRz_9wvJzA
7) Parity of Wave function ► https://youtu.be/BSTRJjElDdI
8) Symmetric & Anti symmetric Wave func ► https://youtu.be/wvnWCY9TKgw
9) Liquid Drop Model of Nucleus ► https://youtu.be/4q1i7yTcQmA
10) Corrections to Liquid Drop Model ► https://youtu.be/GeLC1AUC0W8
11) NZ Graph (& Maximizing BE) ► https://youtu.be/MHYrv_1VJdI
12) Fermi Energy of Nucleus ► https://youtu.be/aUPLjIjgYGk
13) Fermi Gas Model of Nucleus ► https://youtu.be/emSekijh7XI
14) Shell Model of Nucleus ► https://youtu.be/Rd0CJje59bE
15) Nature of (Strong) Nuclear Force) ► https://youtu.be/43AyN24jZw8
16) Alpha, Beta & Gamma Decay ► https://youtu.be/eUEgpcQHzIA
17) Gamow's Theory of Alpha Decay ► https://youtu.be/suj5MTLGAUU
18) Gamow's Theory (DERIVATION) ► https://youtu.be/QwT4tbA8UvI
19) Q Value and KE of Alpha Decay ► https://youtu.be/w0eEGiOYvus
20) Beta Decay & Neutrino Hypothesis ► https://youtu.be/avKic7oiwvA
21) Radioactive Decay Law ► https://youtu.be/fOMvJj39eTU
22) Nuclear Cross Section ► https://youtu.be/R0tdsaFJ4vg
23) Interaction of Nuclear Radiation with Matter ► https://youtu.be/Ara0eTv02No
24) What is Cherenkov Radiaton? ► https://youtu.be/AkR2daFw45U
25) Nuclear Detectors ► https://youtu.be/avvXftiyBEs
26) Geiger Muller Counter ► https://youtu.be/jxY6RC52Cf0
27) Scintillation Detector ► https://youtu.be/rjuFrk0-AOw
28) Semiconductor Detectors ► https://youtu.be/c1boCCYs77Q
29) What are Accelerators? ► https://youtu.be/-KslGjXEtKk
30) Van de Graaff Generator ► https://youtu.be/Q9bijrQfS6E
31) Linear Accelerator ► https://youtu.be/C79838wtRZo
32) Cyclotron ► https://youtu.be/L5zhpLfnqGc
33) Synchrotron ► https://youtu.be/rOXfm6EezeA
34) Betatron ► https://youtu.be/rOXfm6EezeA
35) Fission & Fusion ► https://youtu.be/L7_oi9zChqE
36) Proton-Proton & CNO Cycle ► https://youtu.be/aqnCfDqQlzA
37) Meson Theory of Nuclear Forces ► https://youtu.be/Wvjci2gP7eg
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NUCLEAR PHYSICS - PLAYLIST
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